Math

The Math API provides four sets of maths functions:

Math basic: Provides basic math calculations and operations.
Bits and Bytes: Provides various bit and byte get and set functions.
Random Numbers: Pseudo random number function library, using randomSeed() to assign a seed and random() to get the random number.
Trigonometry: Radian based trig functions sin(), cos() and tan().

Function	Description
random	The random function generates pseudo-random numbers.
random	The random function generates pseudo-random numbers.
randomSeed	randomSeed() initializes the pseudo-random number generator, causing it to start at an arbitrary point in its random sequence.
sqrt	Calculates the square root of a number.
map	Re-maps a number from one range to another. That is, a value of fromLow would get mapped to toLow, a value of fromHigh to toHigh, values in-between to values in-between, etc.
pow	Calculates the value of a number raised to a power. Pow() functiom can be used to raise a number to a fractional power. This is useful for generating exponential mapping of values or curves.
cos	Calculates the cosine of an angle (in radians). The result will be between -1 and 1.
sin	Calculates the sine of an angle (in radians). The result will be between -1 and 1.
tan	Calculates the tangent of an angle (in radians). The result will be between negative infinity and infinity.

Macro	Description
bit	Computes the value of the specified bit (bit 0 is 1, bit 1 is 2, bit 2 is 4, etc.).
bitClear	Clears (writes a 0 to) a bit of a numeric variable.
bitRead	Reads a bit of a number.
bitSet	Sets (writes a 1 to) a bit of a numeric variable.
bitWrite	Writes a bit of a numeric variable.
highByte	Extracts the high-order (leftmost) byte of a word (or the second lowest byte of a larger data type).
lowByte	Extracts the high-order (leftmost) byte of a word (or the second lowest byte of a larger data type).
abs	Computes the absolute value of a number.
constrain	Constrains a number to be within a range.
max	Calculates the maximum of two numbers.
min	Calculates the minimum of two numbers.